Python has a number of built-in data types that are used to represent different kinds of values. Here's a breakdown of the basic data types, along with their typical range of values:

Numeric Types:

  • int: Integers (whole numbers)

    • Range: Virtually unlimited, limited by available memory.
    • Example: 10, -5, 0

  • float: Floating-point numbers (numbers with decimal points)

    • Range: -3.4028235e+38 to 3.4028235e+38 (approximately)
    • Example: 3.14, -2.5, 0.0

  • complex: Complex numbers (numbers with real and imaginary parts)

    • Range: Real and imaginary parts are floats.
    • Example: 2 + 3j, -1.5 - 2j

Text Type:

  • str: Strings (sequences of characters)
    • Range: Can hold any Unicode character.
    • Example: "Hello", 'Python', "123"

Boolean Type:

  • bool: Boolean values (represent truth or falsehood)
    • Values: True or False

Sequence Types:

  • list: Ordered, mutable (changeable) collections of items

    • Range: Can hold any number of items of any data type.
    • Example: [1, 2, 3], ["apple", "banana"], [1, "hello", 3.14]

  • tuple: Ordered, immutable (unchangeable) collections of items

    • Range: Can hold any number of items of any data type.
    • Example: (1, 2, 3), ("apple", "banana"), (1, "hello", 3.14)

  • range: Represents a sequence of numbers

    • Range: Determined by the arguments passed to the range() function.
    • Example: range(1, 5) (represents numbers 1, 2, 3, 4)

Mapping Type:

  • dict: Dictionaries (store key-value pairs)
    • Range: Can hold any number of key-value pairs. Keys must be immutable types (like strings, numbers, or tuples).
    • Example: {"name": "John", "age": 30}, {1: "one", 2: "two"}

Set Types:

  • set: Unordered collections of unique items

    • Range: Can hold any number of items of any hashable data type.
    • Example: {1, 2, 3}, {"apple", "banana"}

  • frozenset: Immutable version of a set

Binary Types:

  • bytes: Sequences of bytes (integers from 0 to 255)

    • Example: b"hello"

  • bytearray: Mutable version of bytes

  • memoryview: Allows access to the internal data of an object without copying

Important Notes:

  • Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don't need to explicitly declare the data type of a variable. Python infers the type based on the value assigned to it.
  • You can use the type() function to determine the data type of a variable.
  • Python provides functions for converting between different data types (e.g., int(), float(), str()).